KARAKTERISTIK SABUN CAIR EKSTRAK BUAH LERAK DENGAN VARIASI KOLAGEN IKAN KOMERSIAL
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Jun 30, 2025
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Abstract
Liquid soap is widely favored for its practicality and ease of use, making it a popular personal care product. Fish collagen is well-known for its ability to improve skin hydration and texture, while soapnut fruit (lerak) serves as a natural cleansing agent due to its high saponin content. This study evaluated liquid soap formulations containing different concentrations of commercial fish collagen (1%, 3%, and 5%) using a completely randomized design (CRD). The parameters assessed included viscosity, pH, total plate count (TPC), and organoleptic properties (color, aroma, and consistency). The results indicated that increasing collagen concentrations led to a significant rise in viscosity, with the 1% collagen formulation (treatment A) achieving an optimal viscosity of 1650 mPa·s, which complies with liquid soap standards. All formulations maintained pH levels within the acceptable range of 8–11 and met microbiological safety standards based on TPC analysis. Organoleptically, treatment A was rated the highest, featuring a visually appealing light grey color, a pleasant virgin coconut oil aroma, and a suitable consistency. Overall, the 1% collagen formulation (treatment A) was identified as the optimal formula, meeting the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard for liquid soap (SNI 06-4085-1996).
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Maulana, R., Rahmawati, H., & Agustiana, A. (2025). KARAKTERISTIK SABUN CAIR EKSTRAK BUAH LERAK DENGAN VARIASI KOLAGEN IKAN KOMERSIAL. Fish Scientiae, 15(1), 32-44. https://doi.org/10.20527/fishscientiae.v15i1.247
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References
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Nurhayati, C., Susilawati, N., Susanto, T., Marthalia, W., dan Nugroho, A. 2022. Utilization of gambier leaf extract (Uncaria gambier Roxb) as antibacterial dan natural dyes in making liquid bath soap with natrium lauryl ether sulfate. IOP Conference Series: Earth dan Environmental Science, 963(1), 012059. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/963/1/012059.
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Sugiyono. 2008. Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif. Bdanung: Alvabeta.
Syamsu, A., Yusuf, M., dan Ma’ruf, D. 2022. Formulasi dan uji aktivitas sediaan sabun mandi cair ekstrak etanol daun kapuk (Ceiba pentdanra (L.) Gaertn) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Sehatmas Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat, 1(1), 92-104. https://doi.org/10.55123/sehatmas.v1i1.53.
Widyasanti, A., Ayuningtyas, B., dan Rosalinda, S. 2020. Characterization of liquid soap from castor oil (Ricinus communis) with the addition of white tea extracts. IOP Conference Series: Earth dan Environmental Science, 443(1), 012061. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/443/1/012061.
Wijayanti, W., Darmanto, Y., & Susanto, E. (2021). Karakteristik fisikokimia sabun cair dengan penambahan kolagen tulang ikan air tawar yang berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Perikanan, 3(2), 65–70. https://doi.org/10.14710/jitpi.2021.13142.
Xiong, X., Peng, Y., Liu, H., Huang, C., dan Zhou, J. 2024. Penentuan pH yang Efisien dan Akurat dengan Strip Uji Berbasis Pembelajaran Mesin. Analytical Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02153.
BSN. 1996. Stdanar Sabun Mandi Cair (SNI 06-4085-1996). Dewan Stdanarisasi Nasional, Jakarta.
De Garmo, E.P.W.G. Sullivan dan J.R. Canada. 1984. Engineering Economy The 7th Edition. Macmillan Publishing Comp., New York.
Fatmawati, I. 2014. Efektivitas buah lerak (Sapindus rarak De Cdanole) sebagai bahan pembersih logam perak, perunggu, dan besi. Jurnal Konservasi Cagar Budaya 8:24–31.
Febriyani, F., dan Susanti, M. 2022. Pengaruh konsentrasi KOH terhadap kadar alkali bebas sabun cair ekstrak daun waru laut (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.). Jurnal AgroFarm Product, 7(2), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.56350/jafp.v7i2.84.
Firliyanti, Elita, E., Krismonita, Y., Rario, R., Bugar, N., dan Najamuddin, A. 2021. Tulang ikan patin (Pangasius sp.) sebagai sumber kolagen sabun mandi padat. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 24(1), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v24i1.33235.
Gusnawati, G., Sabara, Z., Munira, M., dan Bakhri, S. (2022). Karakterisasi Mutu Pasta Gigi Dengan Penambahan Garam Dan Virgin Coconut Oil (Vco) Ditinjau Dari Sni 12-3524-1995. Indonesian Journal of Industrial Research, 17(1), 41-49.
Hawa, L., Bahari, A., dan Lastriyanto, A. 2022. Characterization of physicochemical properties of solid laundry soap based on lerak (Sapindus rarak DC.). Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian, 23(2), 139-150. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtp.2022.023.02.5.
Hayati, F. A., Nurhasanah, L., dan Darmawan, A. 2023. Formulation dan antibacterial activity of Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruits extract in vegetable oil-based liquid Hand soap. Media Publikasi Kesehatan, 1(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.60084/mp.v1i1.35.
Jamilatun, M. 2024. Total plate count dan yeast mold count in liquid traditional medicine (jamu) sold in the Sukoharjo region market. International Journal of Basic dan Applied Science, 12(4), 174-182. https://doi.org/10.35335/ijobas.v12i4.282.
Jap, C. A., Pertiwii, A. S., Andrew, J., dan Eric, E. 2023. Efikasi Suplementasi Kolagen Dalam Mencegah Tanda Penuaan. Health Information: Jurnal Penelitian.
Kusantati, H., Prihatin, P. T., & Wiana, W. (2008). Tata kecantikan kulit. Direktorat Pembinaan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan, Jakarta, 13.
Lane, J., dan Henderson, K. 2004. Pengukuran Viskositas: Begitu Mudah, Namun Begitu Sulit. ASTM Stdanardization News, 32.
Lestari, T. 2021. Uji aktivitas antibakteri sabun cair ekstrak etanol 70% daun sirsak (Annona muricata L) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Indonesia Natural Research Pharmaceutical Journal, 6(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.52447/inrpj.v6i1.1875.
Loh, A., dan Pahirulzaman, K. 2021. Potential application of Murraya koenigii extract as antibacterial agent in liquid Hand soap formulation. Journal of Tropical Resources dan Sustainable Science (JTRSS), 6(2), 97–100. https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v6i2.570.
Lompo, P., Heroes, A., Agbobli, E., Kazienga, A., Peeters, M., Tinto, H., Jacobs, J. 2023. Growth of gram-negative bacteria in antiseptics, disinfectants dan Hand hygiene products in two tertiary care hospitals in West Africa—a cross-sectional survey. Pathogens, 12(7), 917. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12070917.
Martihandini, N., Angelica, D., dan Sutiswa, S. (2024). Liquid soap formulation from ethanolic extract of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) with cocamide DEA as surfactant. Medical Sains Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian, 9(1), 215–222. https://doi.org/10.37874/ms.v9i1.912.
Nauli, F. M., Heriyanto, H., dan Suwignyo, R. A. 2018. Liquid soap characteristic with the addition of fish bone collagen. Russian Journal of Agricultural dan Socio-Economic Sciences, 74(4), 235–240. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2018-04.37.
Nitbani, F., Tjitda, P., Nitti, F., Jumina, J., dan Detha, A. 2022. Antimicrobial properties of lauric acid dan monolaurin in virgin coconut oil: A review. Chembioeng Reviews, 9(5), 442–461. https://doi.org/10.1002/cben.202100050.
Nurhayati, C., Susilawati, N., Susanto, T., Marthalia, W., dan Nugroho, A. 2022. Utilization of gambier leaf extract (Uncaria gambier Roxb) as antibacterial dan natural dyes in making liquid bath soap with natrium lauryl ether sulfate. IOP Conference Series: Earth dan Environmental Science, 963(1), 012059. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/963/1/012059.
Onyimba, I., Chomini, M., Job, M., Njoku, A., Onoja, J., Isaac, D., dan Ngene, A. 2022. Evaluation of the suitability of tigernut milk dan tigernut-cow composite milks for yoghurt production. European Journal of Biology dan Biotechnology, 3(2), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.2.366.
Sagita, E. 2023. Formulasi sediaan sabun cair ekstrak etanol daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) dan aktivitas antibakterinya. Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences, 18, 57–65. https://doi.org/10.25026/mpc.v18i1.704.
Sahara, S., Maharani, E. D., dan Saifana, N. 2024. Pengembangan Bahan Lerak Menjadi Cairan Deterjen Pembersih Serbaguna. Reslaj: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal, 6(6), 3216-3226.
Sugiyono. 2008. Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif. Bdanung: Alvabeta.
Syamsu, A., Yusuf, M., dan Ma’ruf, D. 2022. Formulasi dan uji aktivitas sediaan sabun mandi cair ekstrak etanol daun kapuk (Ceiba pentdanra (L.) Gaertn) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Sehatmas Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat, 1(1), 92-104. https://doi.org/10.55123/sehatmas.v1i1.53.
Widyasanti, A., Ayuningtyas, B., dan Rosalinda, S. 2020. Characterization of liquid soap from castor oil (Ricinus communis) with the addition of white tea extracts. IOP Conference Series: Earth dan Environmental Science, 443(1), 012061. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/443/1/012061.
Wijayanti, W., Darmanto, Y., & Susanto, E. (2021). Karakteristik fisikokimia sabun cair dengan penambahan kolagen tulang ikan air tawar yang berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Perikanan, 3(2), 65–70. https://doi.org/10.14710/jitpi.2021.13142.
Xiong, X., Peng, Y., Liu, H., Huang, C., dan Zhou, J. 2024. Penentuan pH yang Efisien dan Akurat dengan Strip Uji Berbasis Pembelajaran Mesin. Analytical Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02153.