VIRULENSI BAKTERI Edwardsiella ictaluri PENYEBAB PENYAKIT ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA OF CATFISH (ESC) PADA IKAN PATIN (Pangasius pangasius)

Main Article Content

Nurul Huda Noor Azmi
Fatmawati Fatmawati
Olga Olga

Abstract

Penyakit infeksius yang menyerang ikan patin, salah satunya disebabkan bakteri Edwardsiella ictaluri.  Bakteri ini menyebabkan penyakit sistemik enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui gejala klinis dan rerata waktu kematian akibat serangan bakteri E. ictalury pada ikan patin. Bakteri diinokulasi ke media BHIA (Brain Heart Infusion Agar, merek Conda Pronadisa) dan BHIB (Brain Heart Infusion Broth, merek Merck) diinkubasi pada suhu 24 oC selama 24 - 48 jam. Suspensi bakteri dengan kepadatan 2,7 x 101 – 1010 cfu/mL diinfeksikan pada 300 ekor ikan patin berukuran 11-12 cm dan diamati selama 7 hari. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental dan Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Analisis lebih lanjut dengan Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan gejala klinis yang muncul pada ikan patin antara lain, ikan berenang secara vertikal, warna tubuh pucat, nekrosis, petechiae, liver pucat dan membesar, ginjal berwarna gelap dan kaku, asites insang pucat. Nilai rerata waktu kematian (RWK) ikan patin berkisar antara 1,16 – 2,26 hari.


 


Infectious diseases that attack catfish, one of which is caused by the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri. This bacterium causes systemic enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). The aim of the study was to determine the clinical symptoms and the mean time of death due to the attack of E. ictaluri bacteria on catfish. Bacteria were inoculated into BHIA media (Brain Heart Infusion Agar, Conda Pronadisa brand) and BHIB (Brain Heart Infusion Broth, Merck brand) were incubated at 24 oC for 24-48 hours. Bacterial suspension with a density of 2.7 x 101 – 1010 cfu/mL was infected with 300 catfish measuring 11-12 cm and observed for 7 days. The study used experimental methods and completely randomized design (CRD). Further analysis with Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed clinical symptoms that appeared in catfish, among others, fish swimming vertically, pale body color, necrosis, petechiae, pale and enlarged liver, dark and stiff kidneys, ascites, pale gills. The mean time of death (MTD) of catfish ranged from 1.16 to 2.26 days.

Article Details

Section
Articles
Author Biographies

Nurul Huda Noor Azmi, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Program Studi Akuakultur Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan

Fatmawati Fatmawati, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Program Studi Akuakultur Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan

Olga Olga, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Program Studi Akuakultur Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan

References

Ali, H., Chowdhury, F. S., Ashrafuzzaman, Chowdhury, A. N., Haque, R. U., Zinnah, K. M. A. & Rahman, M. 2014. Identification pathogenecity, antibiotic and herbal sensitivity of Edwardsiella tarda causing fish disease in Bangladesh. Current Research in Microbology and Biotechnology. 2(1): 292-297.

BBAT (Balai Budidaya Air Tawar Mandiangin). 2013. Laporan evaluasi monitoring kesehatan ikan dan lingkungan Tahun 2012. Banjar: Balai Budidaya Air Tawar Mandiangin.

Baldwin, T. J. & Newton, J. C. 1993. Pathogenesis of enteric septicemia of Channel Catfish, caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri: Bacteriologic and light and electron microscopic findings. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. 5 (3): 189-198.

Dung, T. T. 2010. Edwardsiella ictaluri in Pangasianodon catfish: Antimicrobial resistance and the early interactions with its host. Tesis. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Ghent University.

Hardi, E.H. 2016. Parasit biota akuatik dan penanggulangan. Mulawarman Press. Samarinda

Huys, G., Kampfer, P., Albert, M. J., Khun, I., Denys, R. & Swings, J. 2002. Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. dhakensis subsp. nov., isolated from children with diaerrhea in Bangladesh. International Journal of Systematics and Evolutionary Microbiology. 52: 705-712.

Inglis, V., Roberts, R.J., & Bromage, N.R. 1993. Bacterial disease of fish. Institute of Agriculture. Oxford, London: Blackwell Scientific Publication, p. 61 – 79.

Keskin, O., Secer, S., Izgur, M., Turkyilmaz, S., & Mkakosya, R.S. 2004. Edwardsiella ictaluri infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Turk. Journal Veterinary Animal Science, 28:649-653

Minggawati, I & Saptono. 2011. Analisa usaha pembesaran ikan patin djambal (Pangasius djambal) dalam kolam di Desa Sidomulyo Kabupaten Kuala Kapuas. Media Sains. 3(1): 1-6.

Nitimulyo, K. H., Isnansetyo, A. & Triyanto. 2005. Efektivitas vaksin polivalen untuk pengendalian vibriosis pada kerapu tikus (Cromileptes altivelis). Jurnal Perikanan (J. Fish. Sci.). 7 (2): 95-100.

Noales, E. M., Milan, M., Fouz, B., Sanjuan, E. & Amaro, C. 2001. Transmission to eels, portals of entry, and putative reservoir of Vibrio vulnificus Serovar E (Biotype 2). Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 67 (10): 4717-4725.

Purwaningsih, U., Novita, H., Sugiani, D. & Andriyanto, S. 2019. Identifikasi dan karakterisasi bakteri Edwardsiella ictaluri penyebab penyakit enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) pada ikan patin (Pangasius sp.). Journal Riset Akuakultur. 14 (1): 47-57.

Putra, I., Mulyadi, Pamukas, N. A. & Rusliadi. 2013. Peningkatan kapasitas produksi akuakultur pada pemeliharaan ikan selais (Ompok sp.) sistem aquaponik. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan. 1(18): 1-10.

Sakai, T., Kamaishi, T., Sano, M., Tensha, K., Arima, T., Lida, Y., Nagai, T., Nakai, T., & Lida, T. 2008. Outbreaks of Edwardsiella ictaluri infection in Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis in Japanese rivers. Fish Pathology. 43: 152–157.

Susanti, W., Indrawati, A. & Pasaribu, F. H. 2016. Kajian patogenisitas bakteri Edwardsiella ictaluri pada ikan patin Pangasionodon hypophthalmus. Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia. 15 (2): 99-107.