INTRASITOPLASMIC INCLUSION BODIES OF HEPATOSIT, SYNCYTIAL CELLS IN BRAIN AND LIVER AS KEY TO IDENTIFICATION OF TILAPIA LAKE VIRUS (TiLV) BY USING HISTOPATOLOGICAL METHODS IN TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) WITH MOTILE AEROMONAS SEPTICEMIA (MAS) SECONDARY
Article Sidebar
Published
Jun 30, 2024
Main Article Content
Abstract
Article Details
Section
Articles
References
Amal, M.N.A., Koh, C.B., Nurliyana, M., Suhaiba, M., Nor-Amalina, Z., Santha, S., Diyana- Nadhirah, K.P., Yusof, M.T., Ina-Salwany, M.Y., Zamri-Saad, M., (2018). A case of natural co-infection of Tilapia Lake Virus and Aeromonas veronii in a Malaysian red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus) farm experiencing high mortality. Aquaculture 485, 12–16.
Artati, D. & Oman, M. (2020). Identifikasi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila menggunakan kit API 20E di laboratorium mikrobiologi BRPI Sukamandi. Buletin Teknik Litkayasa Akuakultur, 18 (1), 2020, 75-80.
American Veterinary Medical Association. (2020). AVMA guidelines for the Euthanasia of animals 2020 Edition.
Bacharach, E., Mishra, N., Briese, T., Zody, M.C., Kembou Tsofack, J.E., Zamostiano, R., Berkowitz, A., Ng, J., Nitido, A., Corvelo, A., Toussaint, N.C., Abel Nielsen, S.C., Hornig, M., Del Pozo, J., Bloom, T., Ferguson, H., Eldar, A, & Lipkin, W.I., (2016). Characterization of a novel orthomyxo-like virus causing mass die-offs of tilapia. MBio 7, e00431–00416.
Badan Pusat Statistisk. https://www.bps.go.id/publication.html. Diakses 12 Desember 2021.
Bank Indonesia. https://www.bi.go.id/simodis/publikasi. Diakses 12 Desember 2021.
Basri, L., Nor, R.M., Salleh, A., Yasin, I.S.M., Saad, MZ., Rahaman, NYA., Barkham, T., & Amal, MNA. (2020). Co-Infections of Tilapia Lake Virus, Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae in Farmed Red Hybrid Tilapia.
Behera, B.K., Pradhan, P.K., Swaminathan, T.R., Sood, N., Paria, P., Das, A., Verma, D.K., Kumar, R., Yadav, M.K., Dev, A.K., Parida, P.K., Das, B.K., Lal, K.K, & Jena, J.K. (2018). Emergence of Tilapia Lake Virus associated with mortalities of farmed Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) in India. Aquaculture 484, 168–174.
CGIAR, (2017). Penang, Malaysia: CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-food Systems. Factsheet: FISH-2017-03. Available at. https://www.worldfishcenter.org/content/tilapia-lake-virus-tilv-what-know-and-do.
Christiansen, D.H., Ostergaard, P.S., Snow, M., Dale, O.B, & Falk, K. (2011). A low-patho- genic variant of infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV-HPR0) is highly prevalent and causes a non-clinical transient infection in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.) in the Faroe Islands. J. Gen. Virol. 92, 909–918.
Cleasby, N., Schwarz, A.M., Phillips, M., Paul, C., Pant, J., Oeta, J., Pickering, T., Meloty, A., Laumani, M., & Kori, M. (2014). The socio-economic context for improving food security through land-based aquaculture in Solomon Islands: a pen-urban case study. Mar. Policy 45, 89–97.
Cottet, L., Rivas-Aravena, A., Cortez-San Martin, M., Sandino, A.M., Spencer, E., 2011. Infectious salmon anemia virus—genetics and pathogenesis. Virus Res. 155, 10–19. Cusack, R.R., Groman, D.B., MacKinnon, A.M., Kibenge, F.S., Wadowska, D, & Brown, N. (2001). Pathology associated with an aquareovirus in captive juvenile Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus and an experimental treatment strategy for a concurrent bacterial infection. Dis. Aquat. Org. 44, 7–16.
Del-Pozo, J., Mishra, N., Kabuusu, R., Cheetham, S., Eldar, A., Bacharach, E., Lipkin, W.I., Ferguson, H.W. (2017). Syncytial hepatitis of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) is as- sociated with orthomyxovirus-like virions in hepatocytes. Vet. Pathol. 54, 164–170.
Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu. https://www.dpmptsp.kalselprov.go.id/. Diakses 12 Desember 2021
Dong, H.T., Siriroo, S., Meemetta, W., Santimanawong, W., Gangnonngiw, W., Pirarat, N., Khunrae, K., Rattanarojpong, T., Vanichviriyakit, R, & Senapin, S., (2017a). Emergence of tilapia lake virus in Thailand and an alternative semi-nested RT-PCR for detection. Aquaculture 476, 111–118.
Dong, H.T., Siriroo, S., Meemetta, W., Santimanawong, W., Gangnonngiw, W., Pirarat, N., Khunrae, K., Rattanarojpong, T., Vanichviriyakit, R., Senapin, S., (2017b). A Warning and an Improved PCR Detection Method for Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) Disease in Thai Tilapia Farms. http://www.enaca.org.
Eide, K.E., Miller-Morgan, T., Heidel, J.R., Kent, M.L., Bildfell, R.J., Lapatra, S., Watson, G, & Jin, L. (2011). Investigation of koi herpesvirus latency in koi. J. Virol. 85, 4954–4962.
Eyngor, M., Zamostiano, R., Kembou Tsofack, J.E., Berkowitz, A., Bercovier, H., Tinman, S., Lev, M., Hurvitz, A., Galeotti, M., Bacharach, E. & Eldar, A. (2014). Identification of a novel RNA virus lethal to tilapia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 52, 4137–4146.
FAO. (2017). Outbreaks of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) threaten the livelihoods and food security of millions of people dependent on tilapia farming. In: Special Alert (Global) No. 388, (26 May 2017).
Fathi, M., Dickson, C., Dickson, M., Leschen, W., Baily, J., Fiona, M., Ulrich, K., Weidmann, M. (2017). Identification of Tilapia Lake Virus in Egypt in Nile tilapia affected by ‘summer mortality’ syndrome. Aquaculture 473, 430–432.
Ferguson, H.W., Millar, S.D, & Kibenge, F.S. (2003). Reovirus-like hepatitis in farmed ha- libut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). Vet. Rec. 153, 86–87.
Ferguson, H.W., Kabuusu, R., Beltran, S., Reyes, E., Lince, J.A., del Pozo, J., (2014). Syncytial hepatitis of farmed tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.): a case report. J. Fish. Dis. 37, 583–589.
Gomna, A. (2011). The role of tilapia in food security of fishing villages in Niger State, Nigeria. Afr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev. 11, 5561–5572.
Dinh-Hung, N., Sangpo, P., Kruangkum, T., Kayansamruaj, P., Rung-ruangkijkrai, T., Senapin, S., Rodkhum, C, & Dong, H.T. (2021). Dissecting the localization of Tilapia tilapinevirus in the brain of the experimentally infected Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). J Fish Dis. 2021; 00:1–12. https:// doi.org/10.1111/jfd.1336
Jansen, M.D., & Mohan, C.V. (2017). Tilapia lake virus (TiLV): literature review. Penang, Malaysia: CGIAR research program on fish agri-food systems. In: Working Paper: FISH-2017-04.
Kembou Tsofack, J.E., Zamostiano, R., Watted, S., Berkowitz, A., Rosenbluth, E., Mishra, N., Briese, T., Lipkin, W.I., Kabuusu, R.M., Ferguson, H., Del Pozo, J., Eldar, A., Bacharach, E. (2017). Detection of tilapia lake virus in clinical samples by culturing and nested reverse transcription-PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 55, 759–767.
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. https://kkp.go.id/artikel/32431-laporan-tahunan-kkp-2020. Diakses 12 Desember 2021.
Koesharyani, I., Gardenia, L., Widowati, Z., Khumaira, & Rustianti, D. (2018). Studi kasus infeksi Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) pada ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal Riset Akuakultur. 13(1). 85-92.
Liamnimitr, P., Thammatorn, W., U-thoomporm, S., Tattiyapong, P & Surachetpong, W. (2018). Non-lethal sampling for Tilapia Lake Virus detection by RT-qPCR and cell culture. Aquaculture Vol 486, 75-80
Nicholson, P., Fathi, M.A., Fischer, A., Mohan, C., Schieck, E., Mishra, N., Heinimann, A., Frey, J., Wieland, B., Jores, J. (2017). Detection of Tilapia Lake Virus in Egyptian fish farms experiencing high mortalities in 2015. J. Fish Dis. 40, 1925–1928.
Nurekawati, A.D., Putra, I.S. & Soelistyoadi, R.N. (2023). Deteksi molekuler (TiLV) pada ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang dilalu lintaskan di Balai Karantina Ikan, Pengendalian Mutu, dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan Surabaya I Jawa Timur. MKH. (2023). 1-12. DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v34i1.2023.1-12.
OIE. (2017a). World Organisation for Animal Health. Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) — A Novel Orthomyxo-like Virus. OIE Technical Disease Cards. http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Internationa_Standard_Setting/docs/pdf/A_TiLV_disease_card.pdf. OIE, 2017b. Tilapia Lake Virus Disease, Chinese Taipei. Immediate Notification. Available at.http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review/reportid=24033.
OIE. (2017c). Tilapia Lake Virus Disease, Malaysia. Immediate Notification. Available at.https://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review?page_refer= MapFullEventReport&reportid=24809.
Piamsomboon, P., & Wongtavatchai, J. (2021). Detection of Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) in healthy fish from the pre-existing disease environment using different RT-PCR methods. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 21, 205-209. http://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v21_4_05
Rao, M., Kumar, S.H., Kumar, S., Bedekar, M.K., Tripathi, G, & Valappil, R.K. (2021). Microbiological investigation of Tilapia Lake virus–associated mortalities in cage-farmed Oreochromis niloticus in India. Aquaculture International https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-020-00635-9
Rocha, E., Monteiro, R.A., & Pereira, C.A. (1997). Liver of the brown trout, Salmo trutta (Teleostei, Salmonidae): a stereological study at light and electron microscopic levels. Anat. Rec. 247, 317–328.
Senapin, S., Phewsaiya, K., Briggs, M., Flegel, T.W., (2007). Outbreaks of infectious myo-necrosis virus (IMNV) in Indonesia confirmed by genome sequencing and use of an alternative RT-PCR detection method. Aquaculture 266, 32–38.
Senapin, S., Dong, H.T., Meemetta, W., Siriphongphaew, A., Charoensapsri, W., Santimanawong, W., Turner, W.A., Rodkhum, C., Withyachumnarnkul, B., Vanichviriyakit, R. (2016). Hahella chejuensis is the etiological agent of a novel red egg disease in tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) hatcheries in Thailand. Aquaculture 454, 1–7.
Surachetpong, W., Janetanakit, T., Nonthabenjawan, N., Tattiyapong, P., Sirikanchana, K., Amonsin, A. (2017). Outbreaks of tilapia lake virus infection, Thailand, 2015–2016. Emerg. Infect. Dis. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2306.161278.
Tattiyapong, P., Dachavichitlead, W., Surachetpong, W. (2017a). Experimental infection of Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). Vet. Microbiol. 207, 170–177.
Tattiyapong, P., Sirikanchana, K., Surachetpong, W. (2017b). Development and validation of a reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction for tilapia lake virus detection in clinical samples and experimentally challenged fish. J. Fish Dis. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12708.
Wolf, K. (1988). Fish Viruses and Fish Viral Diseases. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, NY.
Zheng, S., Wang, Q., Bergmann, S.M., Li, Y., Zeng, W., Wang, Y., Liu, C., Shi, C. (2017). Investigation of latent infections caused by cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in koi (Cyprinus carpio) in southern China. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. 29, 366–369.
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry. “Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry,” n.d. https://www.agriculture.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/tilapia_lake_virus_disease.pdf.
Artati, D. & Oman, M. (2020). Identifikasi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila menggunakan kit API 20E di laboratorium mikrobiologi BRPI Sukamandi. Buletin Teknik Litkayasa Akuakultur, 18 (1), 2020, 75-80.
American Veterinary Medical Association. (2020). AVMA guidelines for the Euthanasia of animals 2020 Edition.
Bacharach, E., Mishra, N., Briese, T., Zody, M.C., Kembou Tsofack, J.E., Zamostiano, R., Berkowitz, A., Ng, J., Nitido, A., Corvelo, A., Toussaint, N.C., Abel Nielsen, S.C., Hornig, M., Del Pozo, J., Bloom, T., Ferguson, H., Eldar, A, & Lipkin, W.I., (2016). Characterization of a novel orthomyxo-like virus causing mass die-offs of tilapia. MBio 7, e00431–00416.
Badan Pusat Statistisk. https://www.bps.go.id/publication.html. Diakses 12 Desember 2021.
Bank Indonesia. https://www.bi.go.id/simodis/publikasi. Diakses 12 Desember 2021.
Basri, L., Nor, R.M., Salleh, A., Yasin, I.S.M., Saad, MZ., Rahaman, NYA., Barkham, T., & Amal, MNA. (2020). Co-Infections of Tilapia Lake Virus, Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae in Farmed Red Hybrid Tilapia.
Behera, B.K., Pradhan, P.K., Swaminathan, T.R., Sood, N., Paria, P., Das, A., Verma, D.K., Kumar, R., Yadav, M.K., Dev, A.K., Parida, P.K., Das, B.K., Lal, K.K, & Jena, J.K. (2018). Emergence of Tilapia Lake Virus associated with mortalities of farmed Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) in India. Aquaculture 484, 168–174.
CGIAR, (2017). Penang, Malaysia: CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-food Systems. Factsheet: FISH-2017-03. Available at. https://www.worldfishcenter.org/content/tilapia-lake-virus-tilv-what-know-and-do.
Christiansen, D.H., Ostergaard, P.S., Snow, M., Dale, O.B, & Falk, K. (2011). A low-patho- genic variant of infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV-HPR0) is highly prevalent and causes a non-clinical transient infection in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.) in the Faroe Islands. J. Gen. Virol. 92, 909–918.
Cleasby, N., Schwarz, A.M., Phillips, M., Paul, C., Pant, J., Oeta, J., Pickering, T., Meloty, A., Laumani, M., & Kori, M. (2014). The socio-economic context for improving food security through land-based aquaculture in Solomon Islands: a pen-urban case study. Mar. Policy 45, 89–97.
Cottet, L., Rivas-Aravena, A., Cortez-San Martin, M., Sandino, A.M., Spencer, E., 2011. Infectious salmon anemia virus—genetics and pathogenesis. Virus Res. 155, 10–19. Cusack, R.R., Groman, D.B., MacKinnon, A.M., Kibenge, F.S., Wadowska, D, & Brown, N. (2001). Pathology associated with an aquareovirus in captive juvenile Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus and an experimental treatment strategy for a concurrent bacterial infection. Dis. Aquat. Org. 44, 7–16.
Del-Pozo, J., Mishra, N., Kabuusu, R., Cheetham, S., Eldar, A., Bacharach, E., Lipkin, W.I., Ferguson, H.W. (2017). Syncytial hepatitis of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) is as- sociated with orthomyxovirus-like virions in hepatocytes. Vet. Pathol. 54, 164–170.
Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu. https://www.dpmptsp.kalselprov.go.id/. Diakses 12 Desember 2021
Dong, H.T., Siriroo, S., Meemetta, W., Santimanawong, W., Gangnonngiw, W., Pirarat, N., Khunrae, K., Rattanarojpong, T., Vanichviriyakit, R, & Senapin, S., (2017a). Emergence of tilapia lake virus in Thailand and an alternative semi-nested RT-PCR for detection. Aquaculture 476, 111–118.
Dong, H.T., Siriroo, S., Meemetta, W., Santimanawong, W., Gangnonngiw, W., Pirarat, N., Khunrae, K., Rattanarojpong, T., Vanichviriyakit, R., Senapin, S., (2017b). A Warning and an Improved PCR Detection Method for Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) Disease in Thai Tilapia Farms. http://www.enaca.org.
Eide, K.E., Miller-Morgan, T., Heidel, J.R., Kent, M.L., Bildfell, R.J., Lapatra, S., Watson, G, & Jin, L. (2011). Investigation of koi herpesvirus latency in koi. J. Virol. 85, 4954–4962.
Eyngor, M., Zamostiano, R., Kembou Tsofack, J.E., Berkowitz, A., Bercovier, H., Tinman, S., Lev, M., Hurvitz, A., Galeotti, M., Bacharach, E. & Eldar, A. (2014). Identification of a novel RNA virus lethal to tilapia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 52, 4137–4146.
FAO. (2017). Outbreaks of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) threaten the livelihoods and food security of millions of people dependent on tilapia farming. In: Special Alert (Global) No. 388, (26 May 2017).
Fathi, M., Dickson, C., Dickson, M., Leschen, W., Baily, J., Fiona, M., Ulrich, K., Weidmann, M. (2017). Identification of Tilapia Lake Virus in Egypt in Nile tilapia affected by ‘summer mortality’ syndrome. Aquaculture 473, 430–432.
Ferguson, H.W., Millar, S.D, & Kibenge, F.S. (2003). Reovirus-like hepatitis in farmed ha- libut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). Vet. Rec. 153, 86–87.
Ferguson, H.W., Kabuusu, R., Beltran, S., Reyes, E., Lince, J.A., del Pozo, J., (2014). Syncytial hepatitis of farmed tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.): a case report. J. Fish. Dis. 37, 583–589.
Gomna, A. (2011). The role of tilapia in food security of fishing villages in Niger State, Nigeria. Afr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev. 11, 5561–5572.
Dinh-Hung, N., Sangpo, P., Kruangkum, T., Kayansamruaj, P., Rung-ruangkijkrai, T., Senapin, S., Rodkhum, C, & Dong, H.T. (2021). Dissecting the localization of Tilapia tilapinevirus in the brain of the experimentally infected Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). J Fish Dis. 2021; 00:1–12. https:// doi.org/10.1111/jfd.1336
Jansen, M.D., & Mohan, C.V. (2017). Tilapia lake virus (TiLV): literature review. Penang, Malaysia: CGIAR research program on fish agri-food systems. In: Working Paper: FISH-2017-04.
Kembou Tsofack, J.E., Zamostiano, R., Watted, S., Berkowitz, A., Rosenbluth, E., Mishra, N., Briese, T., Lipkin, W.I., Kabuusu, R.M., Ferguson, H., Del Pozo, J., Eldar, A., Bacharach, E. (2017). Detection of tilapia lake virus in clinical samples by culturing and nested reverse transcription-PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 55, 759–767.
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. https://kkp.go.id/artikel/32431-laporan-tahunan-kkp-2020. Diakses 12 Desember 2021.
Koesharyani, I., Gardenia, L., Widowati, Z., Khumaira, & Rustianti, D. (2018). Studi kasus infeksi Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) pada ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal Riset Akuakultur. 13(1). 85-92.
Liamnimitr, P., Thammatorn, W., U-thoomporm, S., Tattiyapong, P & Surachetpong, W. (2018). Non-lethal sampling for Tilapia Lake Virus detection by RT-qPCR and cell culture. Aquaculture Vol 486, 75-80
Nicholson, P., Fathi, M.A., Fischer, A., Mohan, C., Schieck, E., Mishra, N., Heinimann, A., Frey, J., Wieland, B., Jores, J. (2017). Detection of Tilapia Lake Virus in Egyptian fish farms experiencing high mortalities in 2015. J. Fish Dis. 40, 1925–1928.
Nurekawati, A.D., Putra, I.S. & Soelistyoadi, R.N. (2023). Deteksi molekuler (TiLV) pada ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang dilalu lintaskan di Balai Karantina Ikan, Pengendalian Mutu, dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan Surabaya I Jawa Timur. MKH. (2023). 1-12. DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v34i1.2023.1-12.
OIE. (2017a). World Organisation for Animal Health. Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) — A Novel Orthomyxo-like Virus. OIE Technical Disease Cards. http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Internationa_Standard_Setting/docs/pdf/A_TiLV_disease_card.pdf. OIE, 2017b. Tilapia Lake Virus Disease, Chinese Taipei. Immediate Notification. Available at.http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review/reportid=24033.
OIE. (2017c). Tilapia Lake Virus Disease, Malaysia. Immediate Notification. Available at.https://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review?page_refer= MapFullEventReport&reportid=24809.
Piamsomboon, P., & Wongtavatchai, J. (2021). Detection of Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) in healthy fish from the pre-existing disease environment using different RT-PCR methods. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 21, 205-209. http://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v21_4_05
Rao, M., Kumar, S.H., Kumar, S., Bedekar, M.K., Tripathi, G, & Valappil, R.K. (2021). Microbiological investigation of Tilapia Lake virus–associated mortalities in cage-farmed Oreochromis niloticus in India. Aquaculture International https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-020-00635-9
Rocha, E., Monteiro, R.A., & Pereira, C.A. (1997). Liver of the brown trout, Salmo trutta (Teleostei, Salmonidae): a stereological study at light and electron microscopic levels. Anat. Rec. 247, 317–328.
Senapin, S., Phewsaiya, K., Briggs, M., Flegel, T.W., (2007). Outbreaks of infectious myo-necrosis virus (IMNV) in Indonesia confirmed by genome sequencing and use of an alternative RT-PCR detection method. Aquaculture 266, 32–38.
Senapin, S., Dong, H.T., Meemetta, W., Siriphongphaew, A., Charoensapsri, W., Santimanawong, W., Turner, W.A., Rodkhum, C., Withyachumnarnkul, B., Vanichviriyakit, R. (2016). Hahella chejuensis is the etiological agent of a novel red egg disease in tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) hatcheries in Thailand. Aquaculture 454, 1–7.
Surachetpong, W., Janetanakit, T., Nonthabenjawan, N., Tattiyapong, P., Sirikanchana, K., Amonsin, A. (2017). Outbreaks of tilapia lake virus infection, Thailand, 2015–2016. Emerg. Infect. Dis. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2306.161278.
Tattiyapong, P., Dachavichitlead, W., Surachetpong, W. (2017a). Experimental infection of Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). Vet. Microbiol. 207, 170–177.
Tattiyapong, P., Sirikanchana, K., Surachetpong, W. (2017b). Development and validation of a reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction for tilapia lake virus detection in clinical samples and experimentally challenged fish. J. Fish Dis. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12708.
Wolf, K. (1988). Fish Viruses and Fish Viral Diseases. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, NY.
Zheng, S., Wang, Q., Bergmann, S.M., Li, Y., Zeng, W., Wang, Y., Liu, C., Shi, C. (2017). Investigation of latent infections caused by cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in koi (Cyprinus carpio) in southern China. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. 29, 366–369.
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry. “Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry,” n.d. https://www.agriculture.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/tilapia_lake_virus_disease.pdf.